Thinking Ahead: Assisting individuals with Alzheimer’s and dementia in extreme heat

As summer temperatures soar, special attention must be given to vulnerable populations, including individuals living with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Extreme heat can exacerbate the challenges faced by these individuals, as their ability to recognize and communicate discomfort may be compromised. 

The Alzheimer’s Association emphasizes the importance of proactive measures to ensure the safety and well-being of those affected. Here are essential tips and guidelines for caregivers and families to help manage the impacts of extreme heat on individuals with Alzheimer’s.

Hydration is Key

The foremost recommendation from Jessica DesRosiers, Senior Program Director of the Alzheimer’s Association, Central New York Chapter, is to ensure ample hydration. 

“Individuals living with the disease can forget that they need to drink water,” said DesRosiers . 

Drinking plenty of water is crucial for maintaining body temperature and preventing dehydration, a common and dangerous issue during extreme heat. It is essential to encourage and monitor water intake, as individuals with Alzheimer’s may not always recognize their own thirst or may forget to drink water.

Creating a Cool Environment

Maintaining a cool indoor environment is vital. Caregivers should keep the house cool by closing blinds to block out direct sunlight, using air conditioning and employing fans to circulate air. 

“Cold showers or baths are recommended for immediate relief, and cold washcloths on the neck or face can help lower body temperature,” said DesRoisers. “Dressing in loose or light clothing and wearing a hat can also keep body temperatures down.”

Medication Management

DeRoisers emphasized the importance of reviewing and managing medications during extreme heat. Certain medications, such as diuretics and sedatives, can affect the body’s ability to regulate temperature. Consulting with a healthcare provider to understand how these medications interact with heat and ensuring they are taken as prescribed can prevent adverse effects.

Regular Check-ins and Breaks

Caregivers and family members should establish a routine of regular check-ins, particularly if the person with Alzheimer’s lives alone. Frequent visits or phone calls can help monitor their condition and provide reassurance. It’s also beneficial to encourage breaks and rest periods throughout the day, avoiding strenuous activities during peak heat hours. 

“The most important thing caregivers, family or friends can do is check in to ensure that they’re safe, healthy and taken care of,” said DeRoisers.

Managing Behavioral Challenges

A recent press release by the Central New York Chapter of the Alzheimer’s Association highlighted the increased vulnerability of individuals with Alzheimer’s during extreme weather. They stressed the importance of planning ahead and making necessary adjustments to care routines to ensure safety and comfort. 

Extreme heat can increase agitation and confusion in individuals with Alzheimer’s. It’s essential to be mindful of these potential behavioral challenges and address physical discomforts first. Once physical needs are met, caregivers can focus on calming and reassuring the individual to mitigate emotional distress.

Staying Indoors and Sun Protection

During periods of extreme heat, it’s best to stay indoors. If going outside is unavoidable, ensure that the individual is dressed appropriately in light, loose clothing and wears a hat for protection. Sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 should be applied to protect against sunburn, which can further increase body temperature and cause additional discomfort.

Nighttime Considerations

Even nighttime temperatures can remain high, posing risks to those with Alzheimer’s. Keeping the air conditioning on and using fans can help maintain a comfortable sleeping environment. Ensuring a cool bedroom setup can prevent sleep disturbances caused by heat, which can lead to heightened anxiety and increased agitation.

Staying Informed and Prepared

The press release underscored the need for regular monitoring and the creation of a supportive, cool environment. Being mindful of local weather forecasts is crucial. High temperatures, coupled with high humidity and air pollution levels, can exacerbate breathing difficulties and overall discomfort. Caregivers should be prepared to seek medical attention if symptoms of dehydration, heat exhaustion, or heat stroke appear.

By implementing these recommendations, caregivers and families can help alleviate the risks associated with extreme heat and ensure that individuals with Alzheimer’s and dementia remain safe and comfortable. With careful planning and attentive care, the challenges posed by hot weather can be effectively managed, providing peace of mind for both caregivers and their loved ones.